University of Pharmacy, Yangon

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About Zoology.pdf

AboutZoology.pdf

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WELCOME TO DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

Department History

Institute of Pharmacy was first established in 30^th January 1992, at Thahton Street, Kamayut Township. The Zoology course at the Institute of Pharmacy commenced in (1994–95) academic year with 50 matriculated students. At that time, the head and the staff members of the Zoology Department of Institute of Medicine (1) took responsibility in teaching Zoology.

On 7^th May 2001, the Institute was moved to Waibargi, North Okkalapa and since then the head and the staff members from the Zoology Department of Institute of Medicine(2),took over the responsibility to teach Zoology in Institute of Pharmacy.

On 1^stJanuary 2002, the former Head DawKhin May Ohn became Lecturer and Head of the Zoology Department of Institute of Pharmacy according to the new set up. In 2009, Daw Khin May Ohn transferred to University of Medicine (1), Yangon.

In November 2009, Daw Moe Thu Zar became Lecturer and Head of Zoology Department of Institute of Pharmacy, Yangon and then in May 2017, she transferred to University of Medicine (2), Yangon.

Now, the Zoology Department has a Head/ Lecturer, one Assistant Lecturer, four Demonstrators and two Laboratory staff. It is run by the present Head Daw Aye Aye Thinn and staff members. Zoology is taught as a subject only to the first year undergraduate students.

Departmental Aim and Objectives

The student should acquire prerequisite knowledge, skills and attitudes for basic medical studies and develop learning behavior suitable for continuing pharmaceutical education.

At the end of the Pre-pharmaceutical course in Zoology, the student must be able to:

Knowledge

acquire the basic knowledge of living organisms important to medical science.
distinguish animals belonging to animal kingdom, and to correlate the relationship between an animal and its surroundings.
acquire knowledge of the structure and function of a mammalian body systems.

Skill

distinguish tissues, internal organ structures of dissected animals and histology slides with reasonable skill.
identify and explain the structure and function of a mammalian body systems and the adaptive affinities to perform a behavior suitable for the survival of the organism in nature.
recognize and identify some pathogenic parasites and common vectors affecting the health of man.

Attitude

establish a habit of methodological scientific learning approach.
develop the awareness of some prevalent health problems in home and the community including prevention and control.
recognize, maintain and develop the personal characteristics and attitudes require for health profession

Former Heads of Department

Daw Khin May Ohn, M.Sc. (Zoology) (2002 - 2009)
Daw Moe Thu Zar, B.Sc.(Hons), M.Sc.(Zoology) (2009-2017)

Learn More

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Courses (Physiology)

Undergraduate Courses for Second Year, B.Pharm.

No.	Topics	Contents
1.	Introduction to Physiology	Homeostasis Body fluid compartments The internal environment of the body Units for measuring solute concentration
2.	Cell physiology	Cell structure and function chemical structure physical structure structure and function of cell membrane organelles Intercellular connection and communication
3.	Haematology	Components of blood Physical properties of blood Packed cell volume (PCV) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) The Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) The Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) The Platelets (Thrombocytes) General functions of blood Haemostasis ABO and Rh blood groups
4.	Excitable Tissues	Electrical properties of cell membrane Membrane potential Membrane resistance Membrane capacitance Nerve Functional anatomy Excitation of neuron Electrical responses of a neuron Neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle Nerve endings in smooth and cardiac muscle: Synapse En passant Muscle skeletal muscle Morphology Sarcotubular system Electrical response Cardiac muscle Morphology Electrical response Smooth muscle Morphology Electrical response
5.	Autonomic Nervous System	Organization of the ANS Sensory receptors Afferent autonomic pathways (Visceral afferents) Integrating centre Autonomic outflow (Efferent pathways) (Sympathetic and parasympathetic division) Visceral effectors Chemical transmission at autonomic junctions Chemical transmission at autonomic junctions Receptors of postsynaptic tissues (drug receptors) Responses of effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses Functions of the autonomic nervous system
6.	Cardiovascular Physiology	Functional organization of CVS The heart Structure Properties of cardiac muscle Cardiac conducting system Heart beat: origin and spread of cardiac excitation Cardiac cycle (Electrical events, mechanical and haemodynamic events) Atrial pressure changes cardiac output Circulation of blood Factors determining blood flow to tissues Regulation of vascular tone Systemic arterial blood pressure The microcirculation Regulation of blood flow to the heart: regulation of coronary circulation Practical Topics Examination of the arterial pulse Determination of blood pressure
7.	Physiology of Respiration	Respiration: general The respiratory tract Bronchial tone The alveoli Mechanics of respiration (breathing) Lung volumes and capacities Dead space Work of breathing Compliance Pulmonary circulation Pulmonary gas transfer General outline of partial pressure gradients for gas diffusion Diffusing capacity Transport of gases Regulation of respiration General functions of the respiratory system Hypoxia
8.	Gastrointestinal Physiology	Basic functions of gastrointestinal system Organization of the digestive system Layers of the wall of the gastrointestinal tract Innervation of the gastrointestinal tract Gastrointestinal hormones Gastrin CCK-PZ Secretin The mouth The salivary glands The oesophagus and deglutition The stomach Vomiting The pancreas Liver and biliary system The small intestine composition of intestinal juice motility of the small intestine absorption in the GI tract The large intestine (colon) functions of colon bacterial action in the large intestine defecation
9.	Renal Physiology and Body Fluids	The kidneys Functional structure Nephron: functional components Renal blood flow (RBF) The process of urine formation Glomerular function Tubular functions Diuresis Endocrine functions of the kidneys Homeostatic functions of the kidneys Micturition (urination) Regulation of body fluid Regulation of ECF volume Regulation of ECF tonicity
10.	General Endocrinology	General Endocrinology Overview of principal hormones of the body and their major sources (endocrine glands and other tissues) Factors influencing the action of hormone on the target tissue Mechanisms regulating hormone production (synthesis and secretion) Chemical nature of hormone Hypothalamus and Pituitary hormones Hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones and their actions Hormones of the anterior pituitary ( the adenohypophysis) and their actions Anterior pituitary hormones (human growth hormone and prolactin) Posterior pituitary hormones (Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and Oxytocin) Thyroid hormones The adrenal gland The adrenal medulla: catecholamines The adrenal cortex: adrenocortical hormones The endocrine pancreas Insulin Glucagon Consequences of insulin deficiency (and glucagon excess) Consequences of insulin excess Hormonal regulation of calcium ion homeostasis Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Calcitriol (1,25 – dihydroxy cholecalciferol) Calcitonin
11.	Reproductive Physiology	The primary sex organs or gonads The secondary sex organs (Genitalia) Reproductive life (period) Onset of reproductive life Onset of puberty: neuroendocrine basis Pubertal changes Male reproduction Primary sex organs Secondary sex organs Spermatogensis Male sex hormones: androgens Control of testicular function Female reproduction Primary sex organs Secondary sex organs The menstrual cycle Indicators of ovulation Endocrine functions of the ovary Control of ovarian function Pregnancy The placenta The physiological termination of pregnancy: parturition Physiology of lactation
12.	Central Nervous System	Organization of the nervous system Functions of the nervous system Structural and functional components of nervous system Reflexes The monosynaptic reflexes The polysynaptic reflexes Sensory physiology Properties of sensory receptors Principal sensory modalities Cutaneous sensation (Pain) The motor system Control of posture and movement Control of voluntary movement The pyramidal system The extrapyramidal system The cerebellar system Postural reflexes Midbrain Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Hypothalamus
13.	Skin and Thermoregulation	Epidermis Dermis Skin appendages Sweat glands (Eccrine sweat gland and Apocrine sweat gland) Sebaceous glands Subcutaneous fatty layer (hypodermis) Blood supply of the skin Cutaneous sensation Functions of skin Thermoregulation Body temperature (Core temperature and Shell temperature) Heat exchange with the environment Thermal balance Thermoregulation (Responses to cold, Responses to heat and Disorders of thermoregulation) Practical Topic Determination of body temperature

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Welcome to Department of Physiology

Prof. Sanda Kyaw

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology)

Ph.D., Dip.Med.Ed.

Professor and Head

Deparment of Physiology (attached to UM-2)

History of the Department

The department of Physiology came into existence after the establishment of the University of Pharmacy (Yangon) in May,2001. The department was first run by Prof. Dr. Htay Htay, who was the Head of Physiology Department ,University of Medicine 2. Physiology is one of the subjects in the second year, B.Pharm. course. It was started in the academic year (2001-2002).

Aim and Objectives

Aim

After graduation, the learner should be able to apply the concepts of Physiology as supportive knowledge and skill in his/her profession as a Pharmacist

Departmental Objectives

At the end of the course, the learner should:

acquire the knowledge of the normal functions of the body and the laws and principles relating to the physiological functions (K)
acquire the knowledge of the interactions and interrelations between body system and environmental and hereditary influences on the functions of the body (K)
use instruments that are commonly used (S)
perform life-saving emergency measures (S)
perform and interpret physiological laboratory tests and procedure (S)
know the importance of physiology as a basis for understanding clinical disciplines (A)
know the importance of imparting health education in the community (A)
appreciate / regard the person as a whole and not as separate systems and accepting that he / she is part of the family and community (A)

Former Heads of the Department

Prof. Dr. Htay Htay

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology)

Professor and Head

Department of Physiology (2001 to 2003)

attached from University of Medicine (2), Yangon

Prof. Dr. Khin Myo Chit

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology)

Professor and Head,

Department of Physiology (2003 to 2006)

attached from University of Medicine (2), Yangon

Prof. Dr. Nyein Nyein Wai

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology),

Ph.D. (Physiology)

Professor & Head,

Department of Physiology (2006 to 2010)

attached from University of Medicine (2), Yangon

Dr. Than Oo

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology)

Associate Professor and Head

Department of Physiology (2010 to 2012)

attached from University of Medicine (2), Yangon

Dr. Ei Ei Khin

M.B., B.S., M.Med.Sc. (Physiology) Dip.Med.Ed.

Lecturer & Head

Department of Physiology (1st June, 2010 to 12th March, 2013)

University of Pharmacy, Yangon

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Organization Table

No.	Rank	Number Appointed
1	Professor/ Head	1
2	Associate Professor	1
3	Lecturer	3
4	Assistant Lecturer	1
5	Demonstrator	4
6	Lab Technician 1	0
7	Lab Technician 2	1
8	Lab Technician 3	1
9	Lab Technician 4	0
10	Lab Technician 5	2
11	General Worker	0

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University of Pharmacy, Yangon

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University of Pharmacy, Yangon

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About Zoology.pdf

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WELCOME TO DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

Courses (Physiology)

Undergraduate Courses for Second Year, B.Pharm.

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Welcome to Department of Physiology

History of the Department

Aim and Objectives

Aim

Departmental Objectives

Former Heads of the Department

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Organization Table

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